This is the statement of ethics for Journal of Electrical & Electronic Systems Research (JEESR) published by Universiti Teknologi MARA Press (Penerbit UiTM).  JEESR aspires to select and publish, through single-blind peer-review. The guideline on JEESR code of ethics is largely based upon the principles upheld by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).  It covers the code of ethics for chief editor, editorial board members, reviewers and authors.

DUTIES OF EDITORS
• To evaluate manuscripts fairly and solely on their intellectual merit.
• To ensure confidentiality of manuscripts and not disclose any information regarding manuscripts to anyone other than the people involved in the publishing process.
• To be responsible to decide when and which articles are to be published.
• To ensure appropriate reviewers are selected/ identified for the reviewing process.
• To ensure authors should submit only original work that is not plagiarized and has not been published or being considered elsewhere. Appropriate software may be used by the editorial office to check for similarities of submitted manuscripts with existing literature. Inclusion of fraudulent or knowingly inaccurate statements are unacceptable.
• To ensure work and/or words from other publications must be appropriately cited or quoted.
• Editors shall take reasonable steps to identify and prevent the publication of papers where research misconduct has occurred.
• Editors will publish corrections, clarifications, retractions, and apologies in the event of any publication errors and misconducts.
• The editor should respond promptly and take reasonable measures when an ethical complaint occurs concerning a submitted manuscript or a published paper, and the editor should immediately contact and consult with the author.

DUTIES OF AUTHORS
• To be responsible of ensuring only new and original work is submitted. If the authors have used the work and/or words of others, this must be cited or quoted. 
• Must not reproduce work that has been previously published in other journals.
• Must not submit any articles that are being reviewed or considered by the journal to other journals parallelly.
• Are only allowed to publish their work elsewhere after receiving a formal rejection from the journal or if their request to withdraw their work is officially accepted by the journal.
• Should make significant contributions and be held accountable for any shortcoming in their work.
• To do corrections and improvement as commented and suggested by editors/reviewers.
• Any violation of copyright or law emanating from the published research work shall be borne entirely by the authors.
• The authors should promptly inform the journal editor of any obvious error(s) in their published paper and cooperate with the editor in retraction or correction of the paper. If the editor is notified by any party other than the authors that the published paper contains an obvious error or any research misconduct, the author should write a retraction or make the correction based on the medium of publication.

DUTIES OF REVIEWERS
• To disclose any competing interest before agreeing to review a submission.
• Should recuse oneself from reviewing any submission due to conflict of interest or inadequate knowledge.
• To review all submissions objectively, fairly and professionally.
• To reveal any ethical misconduct encountered while reviewing to the Chief Editor for further action.
• To ensure the originality of a submission and be alert to any plagiarism and redundant publication.
• Must not discuss the content of the submission without permission.
• Adhere to the time allocated for the review process. Requests for extension to review the submission are at the discretion of the Chief Editor.
• Reviewers should treat the reviewed articles confidentially prior to their publication.

REPORTING

Authors should state their results clearly, honestly, and without fabrication, falsification or inappropriate data manipulation. The methods used in the work should be clearly and unambiguously described so that the findings can be repeated and confirmed by other researchers.

CONFLICTS OF INTEREST

A statement on conflict of interest must be included in the manuscript if authors receive any support that might be construed to influence the results or interpretation of their manuscript. All sources of financial support for the project should be disclosed. 

AUTHORSHIP AND COLLABORATION

Name of authors listed in a paper should be limited to those who have made a significant contribution to the report. Only those who have made significant contributions should be listed as co-authors. Others who have participated in certain substantive aspects of the work must be acknowledged or listed as contributors. It is the duty of the corresponding author to ensure that all appropriate co-authors and no inappropriate co-authors are included on the paper.  All co-authors must approve the final version of the paper and agree to the version of the paper before submission.

MULTIPLE OR REDUNDANT SUBMISSIONS

Authors must not publish manuscripts describing essentially the same research output in more than one journal or primary publication. A similar manuscript should not be submitted to more than one journal concurrently as this constitutes as unethical publishing behaviour and is unacceptable.

PLAGIARISM AND SELF-PLAGIARISM 

All works in the manuscript should be free of any plagiarism, falsification, fabrication, or omission of significant material. Authors are expected to explicitly cite others’ work and ideas, even if the work or ideas are not quoted exactly or paraphrased.

Self-plagiarism (or ”redundancy”) can occur in at least two ways:

a. Authors recycle portions of their previous writings by using identical or nearly identical sentences or paragraphs from earlier writings in subsequent research papers, without quotation or acknowledgement; or

b. Authors create multiple papers that are slight variations of each other, which are submitted for publication in different journals but without acknowledgement of the other papers.